The research looks at the interconnected processes of migration, citizen-making and conservation conflicts in Wayanad, a district in Kerala well-known for its biodiverse landscape. It draws on archival material at the Archives at NCBS of the Wayanad Prakrithi Samrakshana Samiti (WPSS), a grassroots organization engaged in environmental activism in Wayanad. The study examines the intersection of environmental movements and land struggles, revealing how conservation conflicts most often stem from contestations and claims over land. It further explores how historical migrations—ranging from medieval settler communities and colonial plantations to twentieth-century migrants from Travancore—have shaped these conflicts and claims. By analysing the court cases filed by the WPSS, the study also looks at how a citizen is fashioned through legal conflicts against both private capital and the state. In doing so, the study argues that Wayanad is a critical zone for understanding the co-production of environmental justice and citizenship in contemporary India. The talk will discuss these key insights from the research and how land, litigation and identity are entangled in this landscape.