@article {866, title = {Building endocytic pits without clathrin.}, journal = {Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol}, volume = {16}, year = {2015}, month = {2015 May}, pages = {311-21}, abstract = {

How endocytic pits are built in clathrin- and caveolin-independent endocytosis still remains poorly understood. Recent insight suggests that different forms of clathrin-independent endocytosis might involve the actin-driven focusing of membrane constituents, the lectin-glycosphingolipid-dependent construction of endocytic nanoenvironments, and Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain proteins serving as scaffolding modules. We discuss the need for different types of internalization processes in the context of diverse cellular functions, the existence of clathrin-independent mechanisms of cargo recruitment and membrane bending from a biological and physical perspective, and finally propose a generic scheme for the formation of clathrin-independent endocytic pits.

}, keywords = {Actins, Animals, Cell Membrane, Clathrin, Endocytosis, Humans, Lectins, Metabolic Networks and Pathways}, issn = {1471-0080}, doi = {10.1038/nrm3968}, author = {Johannes, Ludger and Parton, Robert G and Bassereau, Patricia and Mayor, Satyajit} } @article {882, title = {Salt-induced remodeling of spatially restricted clathrin-independent endocytic pathways in Arabidopsis root.}, journal = {Plant Cell}, volume = {27}, year = {2015}, month = {2015 Apr}, pages = {1297-315}, abstract = {

Endocytosis is a ubiquitous cellular process that is characterized well in animal cells in culture but poorly across intact, functioning tissue. Here, we analyze endocytosis throughout the Arabidopsis thaliana root using three classes of probes: a lipophilic dye, tagged transmembrane proteins, and a lipid-anchored protein. We observe a stratified distribution of endocytic processes. A clathrin-dependent endocytic pathway that internalizes transmembrane proteins functions in all cell layers, while a sterol-dependent, clathrin-independent pathway that takes up lipid and lipid-anchored proteins but not transmembrane proteins is restricted to the epidermal layer. Saline stress induces a third pathway that is clathrin-independent, nondiscriminatory in its choice of cargo, and operates across all layers of the root. Concomitantly, small acidic compartments in inner cell layers expand to form larger vacuole-like structures. Plants lacking function of the Rab-GEF (guanine nucleotide exchange factor) VPS9a (vacuolar protein sorting 9A) neither induce the third endocytic pathway nor expand the vacuolar system in response to salt stress. The plants are also hypersensitive to salt. Thus, saline stress reconfigures clathrin-independent endocytosis and remodels endomembrane systems, forming large vacuoles in the inner cell layers, both processes correlated by the requirement of VPS9a activity.

}, keywords = {Arabidopsis, Biological Transport, Clathrin, Endocytosis, Plant Roots, Signal Transduction, Sodium Chloride}, issn = {1532-298X}, doi = {10.1105/tpc.15.00154}, author = {Baral, Anirban and Irani, Niloufer G and Fujimoto, Masaru and Nakano, Akihiko and Mayor, Satyajit and Mathew, M K} } @article {80913, title = {Pathways of clathrin-independent endocytosis.}, journal = {Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol}, volume = {8}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Aug}, pages = {603-12}, abstract = {

There are numerous ways that endocytic cargo molecules may be internalized from the surface of eukaryotic cells. In addition to the classical clathrin-dependent mechanism of endocytosis, several pathways that do not use a clathrin coat are emerging. These pathways transport a diverse array of cargoes and are sometimes hijacked by bacteria and viruses to gain access to the host cell. Here, we review our current understanding of various clathrin-independent mechanisms of endocytosis and propose a classification scheme to help organize the data in this complex and evolving field.

}, keywords = {Animals, Bacteria, Biological Transport, Active, Clathrin, Endocytosis, Eukaryotic Cells, Humans, Virus Internalization, Viruses}, issn = {1471-0072}, doi = {10.1038/nrm2216}, author = {Mayor, Satyajit and Pagano, Richard E} }