
@article {129156,
	title = {A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins.},
	journal = {Nat Ecol Evol},
	year = {2023},
	month = {2023 May 15},
	abstract = {<p>Butterflies are a diverse and charismatic insect group that are thought to have evolved with plants and dispersed throughout the world in response to key geological events. However, these hypotheses have not been extensively tested because a comprehensive phylogenetic framework and datasets for butterfly larval hosts and global distributions are lacking. We sequenced 391 genes from nearly 2,300 butterfly species, sampled from 90 countries and 28 specimen collections, to reconstruct a new phylogenomic tree of butterflies representing 92\% of all genera. Our phylogeny has strong support for nearly all nodes and demonstrates that at least 36 butterfly tribes require reclassification. Divergence time analyses imply an origin ~100 million years ago for butterflies and indicate that all but one family were present before the K/Pg extinction event. We aggregated larval host datasets and global distribution records and found that butterflies are likely to have first fed on Fabaceae and originated in what is now the Americas. Soon after the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum, butterflies crossed Beringia and diversified in the Palaeotropics. Our results also reveal that most butterfly species are specialists that feed on only one larval host plant family. However, generalist butterflies that consume two or more plant families usually feed on closely related plants.</p>
},
	issn = {2397-334X},
	doi = {10.1038/s41559-023-02041-9},
	author = {Kawahara, Akito Y and Storer, Caroline and Carvalho, Ana Paula S and Plotkin, David M and Condamine, Fabien L and Braga, Mariana P and Ellis, Emily A and St Laurent, Ryan A and Li, Xuankun and Barve, Vijay and Cai, Liming and Earl, Chandra and Frandsen, Paul B and Owens, Hannah L and Valencia-Montoya, Wendy A and Aduse-Poku, Kwaku and Toussaint, Emmanuel F A and Dexter, Kelly M and Doleck, Tenzing and Markee, Amanda and Messcher, Rebeccah and Nguyen, Y-Lan and Badon, Jade Aster T and Ben{\'\i}tez, Hugo A and Braby, Michael F and Buenavente, Perry A C and Chan, Wei-Ping and Collins, Steve C and Rabideau Childers, Richard A and Dankowicz, Even and Eastwood, Rod and Fric, Zdenek F and Gott, Riley J and Hall, Jason P W and Hallwachs, Winnie and Hardy, Nate B and Sipe, Rachel L Hawkins and Heath, Alan and Hinolan, Jomar D and Homziak, Nicholas T and Hsu, Yu-Feng and Inayoshi, Yutaka and Itliong, Micael G A and Janzen, Daniel H and Kitching, Ian J and Kunte, Krushnamegh and Lamas, Gerardo and Landis, Michael J and Larsen, Elise A and Larsen, Torben B and Leong, Jing V and Lukhtanov, Vladimir and Maier, Crystal A and Martinez, Jose I and Martins, Dino J and Maruyama, Kiyoshi and Maunsell, Sarah C and Mega, Nicol{\'a}s Oliveira and Monastyrskii, Alexander and Morais, Ana B B and M{\"u}ller, Chris J and Naive, Mark Arcebal K and Nielsen, Gregory and Padr{\'o}n, Pablo Sebasti{\'a}n and Peggie, Djunijanti and Romanowski, Helena Piccoli and S{\'a}fi{\'a}n, Szabolcs and Saito, Motoki and Schr{\"o}der, Stefan and Shirey, Vaughn and Soltis, Doug and Soltis, Pamela and Sourakov, Andrei and Talavera, Gerard and Vila, Roger and Vlasanek, Petr and Wang, Houshuai and Warren, Andrew D and Willmott, Keith R and Yago, Masaya and Jetz, Walter and Jarzyna, Marta A and Breinholt, Jesse W and Espeland, Marianne and Ries, Leslie and Guralnick, Robert P and Pierce, Naomi E and Lohman, David J}
}
@article {109939,
	title = {Profiling, monitoring and conserving caterpillar fungus in the Himalayan region using anchored hybrid enrichment markers.},
	journal = {Proc Biol Sci},
	volume = {289},
	year = {2022},
	month = {2022 Apr 27},
	pages = {20212650},
	abstract = {<p>The collection of caterpillar fungus accounts for 50-70\% of the household income of thousands of Himalayan communities and has an estimated market value of $5-11 billion across Asia. However, Himalayan collectors are at multiple economic disadvantages compared with collectors on the Tibetan Plateau because their product is not legally recognized. Using a customized hybrid-enrichment probe set and market-grade caterpillar fungus (with samples up to 30 years old) from 94 production zones across Asia, we uncovered clear geography-based signatures of historical dispersal and significant isolation-by-distance among caterpillar fungus hosts. This high-throughput approach can readily distinguish samples from major production zones with definitive geographical resolution, especially for samples from the Himalayan region that form monophyletic clades in our analysis. Based on these results, we propose a two-step procedure to help local communities authenticate their produce and improve this multi-national trade-route without creating opportunities for illegal exports and other forms of economic exploitation. We argue that policymakers and conservation practitioners must encourage the fair trade of caterpillar fungus in addition to sustainable harvesting to support a trans-boundary conservation effort that is much needed for this natural commodity in the Himalayan region.</p>
},
	keywords = {Asia, Fungi, Geography},
	issn = {1471-2954},
	doi = {10.1098/rspb.2021.2650},
	author = {Wang, Zhengyang and Da, Wa and Negi, Chandra Singh and Ghimire, Puspa Lal and Wangdi, Karma and Yadav, Pramod K and Pubu, Zhuoma and Lama, Laiku and Yarpel, Kuenga and Maunsell, Sarah C and Liu, Yong and Kunte, Krushnamegh and Bawa, Kamaljit S and Yang, Darong and Pierce, Naomi E}
}
