
@article {29629,
	title = {Wnt and Hedgehog: Secretion of Lipid-Modified Morphogens.},
	journal = {Trends Cell Biol},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 Feb},
	pages = {157-170},
	abstract = {<p>Morphogens are signaling molecules produced by a localized source, specifying cell fate in a graded manner. The source secretes morphogens into the extracellular milieu to activate various target genes in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Here we describe various secreted forms of two canonical morphogens, the lipid-anchored Hedgehog (Hh) and Wnts, indicating the involvement of multiple carriers in the transport of these morphogens. These different extracellular secreted forms are likely to have distinct functions. Here we evaluate newly identified mechanisms that morphogens use to traverse the required distance to activate discrete paracrine signaling.</p>
},
	issn = {1879-3088},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tcb.2017.10.003},
	author = {Parchure, Anup and Vyas, Neha and Mayor, Satyajit}
}
@article {3536,
	title = {Oligomerization and endocytosis of Hedgehog is necessary for its efficient exovesicular secretion.},
	journal = {Mol Biol Cell},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015 Dec 15},
	pages = {4700-17},
	abstract = {<p>Hedgehog (Hh) is a secreted morphogen involved in both short- and long-range signaling necessary for tissue patterning during development. It is unclear how this dually lipidated protein is transported over a long range in the aqueous milieu of interstitial spaces. We previously showed that the long-range signaling of Hh requires its oligomerization. Here we show that Hh is secreted in the form of exovesicles. These are derived by the endocytic delivery of cell surface Hh to multivesicular bodies (MVBs) via an endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ECSRT)-dependent process. Perturbations of ESCRT proteins have a selective effect on long-range Hh signaling in Drosophila wing imaginal discs. Of importance, oligomerization-defective Hh is inefficiently incorporated into exovesicles due to its poor endocytic delivery to MVBs. These results provide evidence that nanoscale organization of Hh regulates the secretion of Hh on ESCRT-derived exovesicles, which in turn act as a vehicle for long-range signaling.</p>
},
	issn = {1939-4586},
	doi = {10.1091/mbc.E15-09-0671},
	author = {Parchure, Anup and Vyas, Neha and Ferguson, Charles and Parton, Robert G and Mayor, Satyajit}
}
