
@article {3575,
	title = {Rational design of a quantitative, pH-insensitive, nucleic acid based fluorescent chloride reporter},
	journal = {Chemical Science },
	volume = {7},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {1946-1953},
	abstract = {<p>Chloride plays a major role in cellular homeostasis by regulating the lumenal pH of intracellular organelles. We have described a pH-independent, fluorescent chloride reporter called Clensor that has successfully measured resting chloride in organelles of living cells. Here, we describe the rational design of Clensor. Clensor integrates a chloride sensitive fluorophore called 10,10'-bis[3-carboxypropyl]-9,9'-biacridinium dinitrate (BAC) with the programmability, modularity and targetability available to nucleic acid scaffolds. We show that simple conjugation of BAC to a DNA backbone fails to yield a viable chloride-sensitive reporter. Fluorescence intensity and lifetime investigations on a series of BAC-functionalized structural variants yielded molecular insights that guided the rational design and successful realization of the chloride sensitive fluorescent reporter, Clensor. This study provides some general design principles that would aid the realization of diverse ion-sensitive nucleic acid reporters based on the sensing strategy of Clensor.</p>
},
	doi = {10.1039/C5SC04002G },
	author = {Prakash, Ved and Saha, Sonali and Chakraborty, Kasturi and Krishnan, Yamuna}
}
@article {912,
	title = {A pH-independent DNA nanodevice for quantifying chloride transport in organelles of living cells.},
	journal = {Nat Nanotechnol},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015 Jul},
	pages = {645-51},
	abstract = {<p>The concentration of chloride ions in the cytoplasm and subcellular organelles of living cells spans a wide range (5-130 mM), and is tightly regulated by intracellular chloride channels or transporters. Chloride-sensitive protein reporters have been used to study the role of these chloride regulators, but they are limited to a small range of chloride concentrations and are pH-sensitive. Here, we show that a DNA nanodevice can precisely measure the activity and location of subcellular chloride channels and transporters in living cells in a pH-independent manner. The DNA nanodevice, called Clensor, is composed of sensing, normalizing and targeting modules, and is designed to localize within organelles along the endolysosomal pathway. It allows fluorescent, ratiometric sensing of chloride ions across the entire physiological regime. We used Clensor to quantitate the resting chloride concentration in the lumen of acidic organelles in Drosophila melanogaster. We showed that lumenal lysosomal chloride, which is implicated in various lysosomal storage diseases, is regulated by the intracellular chloride transporter DmClC-b.</p>
},
	issn = {1748-3395},
	doi = {10.1038/nnano.2015.130},
	author = {Saha, Sonali and Prakash, Ved and Halder, Saheli and Chakraborty, Kasturi and Krishnan, Yamuna}
}
