@article {59739, title = {The hills are alive with geckos! A radiation of a dozen species on sky islands across peninsular India (Squamata: Gekkonidae, Hemiphyllodactylus) with the description of three new species}, journal = {Organisms Diversity \& Evolution}, volume = {19}, year = {2019}, month = {06/2019}, pages = {341{\textendash}361}, abstract = {

Sky Islands are high-elevation environments that are separated by warmer, low elevations, forming natural patches of unique montane habitat that often persist through changing climates. Peninsular India was ancestrally forested and has gradually become more arid since at least the Oligocene, and open landscapes have dominated since the middle-late Miocene. Mesic forests today are largely restricted to coastal mountains and some other montane habitats. A mitochondrial phylogeny and fossil-calibrated timetree of Indian Hemiphyllodactylus reveal an Indochinese origin and an endemic radiation with 12 species-level lineages, where a single species was known, that diversified in the Oligocene-Miocene across montane forest habitats in the Eastern Ghats and south India. The phylogeny also suggests the discontinuous Eastern Ghats mountain range encompasses two distinct biogeographic entities: north and south of the Pennar/Krishna-Godavari River basins. This study\ highlights the deep history of the region and the importance of montane habitats as islands of unique biodiversity that have persisted through millions of years of changing climates. We describe three new species: Hemiphyllodactylus arakuensis sp. nov., H. jnana sp. nov. and H. kolliensis sp. nov. from montane habitats above 1000\ m. The montane habitats of these species are emerging hotspots of reptile endemism, and this study emphasizes the need for systematic biodiversity inventory across India to uncover basic patterns of diversity and distribution.

}, doi = {10.1007/s13127-019-00392-5}, author = {Agarwal, Ishan and Khandekar, A and Giri, Varad B. and Ramakrishnan, Uma and Karanth, Praveen} } @article {70224, title = { Phylogeny and biogeography of the endemic Hemidactylus geckos of the Indian subregion suggest multiple dispersals from Peninsular India to Sri Lanka}, journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {186}, year = {2019}, pages = {286{\textendash}301}, abstract = {

Factors shaping biotic assembly of an island compared with the mainland are of considerable interest in biogeography, and the island of Sri Lanka and mainland India provide an interesting setting in which to study this process. We tested two contrasting hypotheses, faunal exchange vs. in situ diversification, to explain how the biota of Sri Lanka might have assembled. We studied the radiation of Hemidactylus geckos, endemic to India and Sri Lanka, to understand the biogeographical processes underlying the faunal assembly of Sri Lanka. We performed molecular phylogenetic analysis, divergence data estimation and ancestral area reconstruction. Diversification in this radiation began ~34.5 Mya in India, followed by seven independent dispersal events from India to Sri Lanka. Two dispersal events occurred in the Early to Middle Miocene, leading to two endemic Sri Lankan species. Marine transgression events separating the two landmasses are likely to have led to vicariant speciation in these cases. The other five dispersal events led to range expansion in species largely restricted to open semi-arid habitats and were likely to be more recent. These results indicate that the biotic exchange model better explains the assembly of Sri Lankan Hemidactylus geckos.

}, doi = {10.1093/zoolinnean/zly047}, author = {Lajmi, Aparna and Bansal, Rohini and Giri, Varad B and Karanth, Praveen} } @article {67827, title = {On the systematic status of the genus Oriocalotes G{\"u}nther, 1864~(Squamata: Agamidae: Draconinae) with the description of a new species from Mizoram state, Northeast India.}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4638}, year = {2019}, month = {2019 Jul 18}, pages = {zootaxa.4638.4.1}, abstract = {

The montane agamid lizard genus Oriocalotes is currently considered monotypic, represented by the species, O. paulus. The systematic status of this taxon has remained questionable since its initial descriptions in the mid-1800s. A detailed molecular and morphological study was carried out to assess the validity of this genus, and its systematic position within the Asian agamid subfamily, Draconinae. Freshly collected and historical museum specimens from the type locality of O. paulus were examined morphologically, along with additional samples collected from localities in Mizoram state, Northeast India. Utilising newly generated molecular sequences (two mitochondrial and three nuclear genes), combined with those previously published for representative genera from the subfamilies Draconinae and Agaminae, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic trees were constructed. Phylogenetic results suggest that Oriocalotes is part of the widespread South and Southeast Asian radiation of Calotes. Comparative morphological studies (including external morphology, hemipenis and osteology) between Oriocalotes and related genera further support this systematic placement. Oriocalotes is herein regarded as a junior subjective synonym of Calotes. Calotes paulus comb. nov. is also assigned a lectotype and given a detailed redescription based on the lectotype, paralectotypes and additional topotypic material. Furthermore, the specimens collected from Mizoram populations are found to be morphologically and genetically distinct from Calotes paulus comb. nov., and are described herein as a new species, Calotes zolaiking sp. nov.

}, keywords = {Animals, Bayes Theorem, India, Lizards, Osteology, Phylogeny}, issn = {1175-5334}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4638.4.1}, author = {Giri, Varad B and Chaitanya, R and Mahony, Stephen and Lalrounga, Samuel and Lalrinchhana, C and Das, Abhijit and Sarkar, Vivek and Karanth, Praveen and Deepak, V} } @article {36275, title = {The curious case of Hemidactylus gujaratensis (Squamata: Gekkonidae).}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4388}, year = {2018}, month = {2018 Feb 28}, pages = {137-142}, abstract = {

Hemidactylus Oken, 1817 is one of the most speciose genera of the family Gekkonidae with more than 140 described species (Uetz et al. 2016). While this genus naturally occurs across the tropics and subtropics, a substantial part of its distribution also results from human-mediated dispersal. Carranza Arnold (2006) retrieved five broad clades in a global phylogeny of Hemidactylus, one of which has species distributed in tropical Asia. Subsequent work by Bauer et al. (2010) and Bansal Karanth (2010) revealed that the species from tropical Asia fell into two deeply divergent and potentially non-sister sub-clades-one comprising a large radiation confined to peninsular India and Sri Lanka (the Indian radiation, IR), and the other comprising species largely distributed in Southeast (SE) Asia.

}, keywords = {Animals, India, Lizards, Phylogeny, Sri Lanka}, issn = {1175-5334}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4388.1.11}, author = {Lajmi, Aparna and Datta-Roy, Aniruddha and Vyas, Raju and Agarwal, Ishan and Karanth, Praveen} }