
@article {135857,
	title = {A Survey of Models of Cell Membranes: Toward a New Understanding of Membrane Organization.},
	journal = {Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2023},
	month = {2023 Oct 03},
	abstract = {<p>The cell membrane, the boundary that separates living cells from their environment, has been the subject of study for over a century. The fluid-mosaic model of Singer and Nicolson in 1972 proposed the plasma membrane as a two-dimensional fluid composed of lipids and proteins. Fifty years hence, advances in biophysical and biochemical tools, particularly optical imaging techniques, have allowed for a better understanding of the physical nature, organization, and composition of cell membranes. This has been made possible by visualizing membrane heterogeneities and their dynamics and appreciating the asymmetrical arrangement of lipids in living cell membranes. Despite these advances, mechanisms underlying the local spatiotemporal organization of membrane components remain unclear. This review surveys various models of membrane organization, culminating in a new model that incorporates nonequilibrium processes and forces exerted by interactions with extramembrane elements such as the actin cytoskeleton. The proposed model provides a comprehensive understanding of membrane organization, taking into account the dynamic nature of the cell membrane and its interactions with its immediate environment.</p>
},
	keywords = {Actin Cytoskeleton, Cell Membrane, Membrane Lipids, Proteins},
	issn = {1943-0264},
	doi = {10.1101/cshperspect.a041394},
	author = {Mayor, Satyajit and Bhat, Abrar and Kusumi, Akihiro}
}
@article {66088,
	title = {Dynamic actin-mediated nano-scale clustering of CD44 regulates its meso-scale organization at the plasma membrane.},
	journal = {Mol Biol Cell},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2020},
	month = {03/2020},
	pages = {561-579},
	abstract = {<p>Transmembrane adhesion receptors at the cell surface, such as CD44, are often equipped with modules to interact with the extracellular-matrix(ECM) and the intra-cellular cytoskeletal machinery. CD44 has been recently shown to compartmentalize the membrane into domains by acting as membrane pickets, facilitating the function of signaling receptors. While spatial organization and diffusion studies of membrane proteins are usually conducted separately, here we combine observations of organization and diffusion by using high spatio-temporal resolution imaging on living cells to reveal a hierarchical organization of CD44. CD44 is present in a meso-scale meshwork pattern where it exhibits enhanced confinement and is enriched in nano-clusters of CD44 along its boundaries. This nanoclustering is orchestrated by the underlying cortical actin dynamics. Interaction with actin is mediated by specific segments of the intracellular-domain(ICD). This influences the organization of the protein at the nano-scale, generating a selective requirement for formin over Arp2/3-based actin-nucleation machinery. The extracellular-domain(ECD) and its interaction with elements of ECM do not influence the meso-scale organization, but may serve to reposition the meshwork with respect to the ECM. Taken together, our results capture the hierarchical nature of CD44 organization at the cell surface, with active cytoskeleton-templated nano-clusters localized to a meso-scale meshwork pattern. [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text].</p>
},
	issn = {1939-4586},
	doi = {10.1091/mbc.E18-11-0715},
	author = {Sil, Parijat and Mateos, Nicolas and Nath, Sangeeta and Buschow, Sonja and Manzo, Carlo and Suzuki, Kenichi G N and Fujiwara, Takahiro and Kusumi, Akihiro and Garcia-Parajo, Maria F and Mayor, Satyajit}
}
