
@article {3557,
	title = {A simple non-invasive technique for venom milking from a solitary wasp Delta conoideum Gmelin (Hymenoptera: Vespidae).},
	journal = {Toxicon},
	volume = {109},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016 Jan},
	pages = {4-6},
	abstract = {<p>Prospecting wasp, ant and bee venom for active bio-molecules has gained considerable interest among researchers in recent years. Collecting sufficient quantity of venom from solitary wasps without sacrificing them is often difficult. Here we describe a non-invasive technique for collecting venom from a solitary wasp Delta conoideum Gmelin (Red-backed potter wasp). Venom was milked by presenting an agar block to a single female wasp for stinging. The venom was extracted from the agar block using ACN: water solvent system. The total protein in venom was estimated quantitatively and the presence of peptides in the venom was confirmed by MALDI-TOF analysis. The proposed technique is non-invasive and pure venom can be repeatedly {\textquoteright}milked{\textquoteright} using this method from other wasps and also bees without the need for sacrificing a large number of individuals.</p>
},
	issn = {1879-3150},
	doi = {10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.10.023},
	author = {Bhagavathula, Naga Chaitanya and Kumar, Mukesh and Krishnappa, Chandrashekra}
}
