
@article {11625,
	title = {sigma(2)-Adaptin Facilitates Basal Synaptic Transmission and Is Required for Regenerating Endo-Exo Cycling Pool Under High-Frequency Nerve Stimulation in Drosophila},
	journal = {GENETICS},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2016},
	month = {05/2016},
	chapter = {369},
	abstract = {<p>The functional requirement of adapter protein 2 (AP2) complex in synaptic membrane retrieval by clathrin-mediated endocytosis is not fully understood. Here we isolated and functionally characterized a mutation that dramatically altered synaptic development. Based on the aberrant neuromuscular junction (NMJ) synapse, we named this mutation angur (a Hindi word meaning "grapes"). Loss-of-function alleles of angur show more than twofold overgrowth in bouton numbers and a dramatic decrease in bouton size. We mapped the angur mutation to sigma(2)-adaptin, the smallest subunit of the AP2 complex. Reducing the neuronal level of any of the subunits of the AP2 complex or disrupting AP2 complex assembly in neurons phenocopied the sigma(2)-adaptin mutation. Genetic perturbation of sigma(2)-adaptin in neurons leads to a reversible temperature-sensitive paralysis at 38 degrees. Electrophysiological analysis of the mutants revealed reduced evoked junction potentials and quantal content. Interestingly, high-frequency nerve stimulation caused prolonged synaptic fatigue at the NMJs. The synaptic levels of subunits of the AP2 complex and clathrin, but not other endocytic proteins, were reduced in the mutants. Moreover, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) signaling was altered in these mutants and was restored by normalizing sigma(2)-adaptin in neurons. Thus, our data suggest that (1) while sigma(2)-adaptin facilitates synaptic vesicle (SV) recycling for basal synaptic transmission, its activity is also required for regenerating SVs during high-frequency nerve stimulation, and (2) sigma(2)-adaptin regulates NMJ morphology by attenuating TGF beta signaling.</p>
},
	doi = {10.1534/genetics.115.183863},
	author = {Choudhury, Saumitra Dey and Mushtaq, Zeeshan and Reddy-Alla, Suneel and Balakrishnan, Sruthi S and Thakur, Rajan S and Krishnan, Kozhalmannom S. and Raghu, Padinjat and Ramaswami, Mani and Kumar, Vimlesh}
}
